PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIFUNGAL STUDIES OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF TAPINANTHUS GLOBIFERUS (A.Rich) Tiegh GROWING ON VITEX DONIANA
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ABSTRACT
Tapinanthus globiferus (A.Rich) (Loranthacae)is a semi-parasitic plant growing on several plant sepecie such as Vitex doniana, Vitellaria paradoxa, Kola, Citrus,Combretum, Acacia, Aloe and Terminalia. Itis used in ethno-medicine for the treatment of fungal infection, itching, hypertension, ulcers, epilepsy, diabetes and cancer. The leaves of the plant was subjected to maceration using methanol to afford a methanol extract which was further subjected to partitioning with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening on methanol leaf extract and its fractions (ethylacetate and nbutanol fractions) was carried out according to standard procedures and the result revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, alkaloids and carbohydrate. Chromatographic studies using silica gel column followed by gel filtration chromatography led to the isolation of two flavonoids viz 2-(3’,4’-dihydroxyphenyl)–3,5,7- trihydroxy-4H-chromane-4-one and 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3- methylhexyl)-4H-chromen-4-one. The two structure of compounds were established using spectroscopic analysis. Preliminary antifungal screening was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Four clinical fungal isolates, Candida albicans, Trychophyton mentagrophytes, Trychophyton rubrum and Aspergillus niger were used for the study. Four concentrations of exract/fractions at 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL and that of standard drug (fluconazole 0.05 mg/mL) were used. The mean zone of inhibition of methanol leaf extract, ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions range from 9.83 to 27.83 mm while that of the fluconazole range from 18.49 to 26.16 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth micro-dilution method, the MIC range from 0.39 mg/mL to 25.0 mg/mL. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) range from 0.39 to 25 mg/mL against the test organisms. The result of this study validated the use of the plant in ethno-medicine to treat pathogenic and opportunistic fungal infections and that the isolated compounds might serve as lead compounds with better antifungal potential.
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